Wikipedia has this to say about Hugo’s artwork:

Many are not aware that Hugo was almost as prolific in the visual arts as he was in literature, producing more than 4,000 drawings in his lifetime. Originally pursued as a casual hobby, drawing became more important to Hugo shortly before his exile, when he made the decision to stop writing in order to devote himself to politics. Drawing became his exclusive creative outlet during the period 1848-1851.

[…]

He would not hesitate to use his children’s stencils, ink blots, puddles and stains, lace impressions, “pliage” or folding (i.e., Rorschach blots), “grattage” or rubbing, often using the charcoal from matchsticks, or his fingers, instead of pen or brush. Sometimes he would even toss in coffee or soot to get the effects he wanted. It is reported that Hugo often drew with his left hand or without looking at the page, or during Spiritualist séances, in order to access his unconscious mind, a concept only later popularized by Sigmund Freud.

Hugo’s drawings and small paintings run the gamut from “what one might expect” — romantic landscapes, forlorn castles, and such — to astonishingly experimental work, Surrealist or Minimalist in nature, that was far ahead of its time.

Victor Hugo was also a creative lettering artist, as can be seen in some of the images below.

Not if you belong to a calligraphy fight club! Check out the jazzy video.

There’s more fight club info here. “First rule of Calligrafight club is, you do not use writing equipment. No pens, pencils, biros, no paint, no ink, no printouts. You do not use anything that leaves a bit of itself behind when you drag it over a piece of paper.”

A century ago (and in previous centuries) nearly all calligraphers were male. There were many hundreds of professional calligraphers working in the early 20th century (when they were far more numerous than today, of course). The engrosser or “penman” could count on steady employment and good wages. These scribes made up a large, informal guild in the U.S., and held important positions in education, particularly in the business colleges, and worked in business situations, often doubling as bookkeepers. Many also found ready employment in the rapidly expanding world of modern advertising, as expert letterers and graphic designers.

Women were active as teachers of basic penmanship (the Palmer Method, etc.) in the schools, but the larger field of calligraphy and lettering was considered to be generally unsuitable for women — who were therefore, by the circular reasoning of the day, almost always excluded from advanced training in the lettering arts. The doors of opportunity in this area were closed.

Sadly, there were only a tiny number of female scribes, and almost none are known today by name. Here’s a rare advertisement for one of them, Daisy K. Miller, from Lincoln, Kansas. This appeared in A. N. Palmer’s monthly magazine, The American Penman, August, 1912 (just above an ad by one of America’s most famous calligraphers at that time, Frank W. Martin).

There was at least one major exception to the exclusion of female students from lettering-arts training, and that was the Detroit School of Lettering, where women were actively encouraged to apply. In fact, one of their catalogs (1906) had a definite feminist slant:

Of Special Interest to the Ambitious Woman — Would you become self-supporting? Would you like to enter a field that is uncrowded? If so, you will surely be interested in what follows: Show-card writing is a brand new profession. The work is neat, clean, fascinating and very profitable. It may be done at your own home. No costly tools to purchase, no expensive equipment of any sort. A few brushes — an assortment of watercolors — some cardboard, and your ability, are all that are required. It is a trade that up to this time has not been entered by women. […] Can you think of any good reason why you could not succeed as well as your brother? Surely you have the same intelligence — the same talent — the same common sense. Can you suggest one good reason why the merchant would not be as willing to supply you with work, as he would your brother or husband? We think not. On the contrary, we believe the chances for success in this respect are all in your favor.